Effect of polymerization conditions on o‐phenylenediamine and o‐phenetidine oxidative copolymers

A series of new o‐phenylenediamine (OPD)/o‐phenetidine (PHT) copolymers with partly phenazine‐like structures has been successfully synthesized at three polymerization temperatures by chemically oxidative polymerization in four different polymerization media. The molecular structures and properties of the resulting OPD/PHT polymers were investigated by IR, UV–vis and high‐resolution ¹H NMR spectroscopies, and DSC, in order to ascertain the effect of reaction temperature, comonomer ratio and acid medium. The copolymerization mechanism of OPD with PHT monomers has been proposed. It is found that the statistical OPD/PHT copolymer obtained at a temperature of 118 °C has a higher degree of polymerization than that obtained at 12–17 °C. The OPD content in the copolymers calculated from NMR spectroscopic analysis is higher than that in the feed OPD content, whereas the OPD content calculated from element analysis is slightly lower than the feed OPD content. It can be predicted that denitrogenation takes place in the OPD units during the polymerization process at OPD/PHT molar ratios of 90/10 and 100/0. These OPD/PHT copolymers exhibit a much better solubility than the OPD homopolymer, hence suggesting an incorporation of PHT units into the phenazine structure of the homopolymer. The thermal behavior of the copolymers was also studied. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

DCA-112催化裂化抑焦剂的工业应用

针对改善催化裂化反应微环境研制开发的DCA - 112催化裂化抑焦剂 ,具有抑制生焦、改善产品分布、应用流程简单、加注方便等特点 ,经中石化长炼分公司 1Mt/a重油催化装置工业应用表明 ,在相近的工艺条件下 ,掺渣比提高 4 13个质量百分点 ,总液收提高 1 0 2个质量百分点。     

变频器的选型及配置要点

本文针对应用广泛的通用变频器，提出了在变频器选型和外围配置中需要注意的一些问题。     

The Synthesis of 1,4-Diazabicyclo (2.2.2) Octane over a Pre-Treated Titanium Silicalite-1 Catalyst

Potassium chloride salt pre-treated titanium silicalite-1 (TS-1) zeolite (K-TS-1) was prepared via an ion-exchange method. XRD, EDX and BET were used to identify the structure of the zeolite. The BET surface area and the adsorption/desorption cumulative pore volume of the K-TS-1 catalyst were about 297 m²/g and 0.213 cm³/g, respectively. The average pore diameter of the K-TS-1 catalyst was 29.49 Å. The catalytic activity of K-TS-1 catalyst was studied in the fixed-bed catalytic reactor. 1,4-Diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane (DABCO) was prepared from ethylenediamine (EDA) over the K-TS-1 zeolite catalyst. The influences of various reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, space velocity and concentration of EDA were discussed. The conversion of EDA was more than 96% and the selectivity of DABCO and PIP were up to 64 and 30%, respectively, in the temperature of 340 °C and weight hourly space velocity of 1.5 h^?1 in the presence of water.     

超临界流体中的酶催化

与其他非水相酶催化介质相比 ,超临界流体有其独特的优越性。阐述了超临界流体的概念、对超临界流体的选择原则以及在超临界流体中酶催化的各种影响因素 ,还讨论了在此类流体中酶催化的应用和发展前景     

国内中小皮化企业如何适应激烈的市场竞争

总结了目前国内中、小皮化企业中存在的主要问题 :自主开发能力差 ,造成产品品种单一、配套性差 ;新产品市场推广能力也较差 ,造成即使有好的产品 ,也无法打开市场 ;而普遍存在的制革厂欠款 ,皮化企业自身体制陈旧及国外皮化公司的进一步本土化策略 ,使国内皮化企业面临更严峻的挑战。根据自身多年经营皮化材料的经验 ,提出了切实可行的应对措施     

“两步法”求取双目视觉传感器中摄象机位置关系

根据平行线“消隐点”理论，提出了用于双目视觉传感器自标定的“两步法”。该方法仅需４对消隐点象面坐标便可线性求解出旋转矩阵，再用２个空间点坐标便可线性求解出平移矢量。     

铸造合金凝固过程瞬时应力的测试

以计算机采集处理系统为手段,测试了应力框铸件凝固过程的瞬时应力.结果表明,该方法简便、速度快,精度高,可获得铸件凝固过程瞬时应力及温度的动态变化过程。     

Rapid synthesis of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3+λ catalysts by microwave irradiation process

Microwave irradiation processing (MIP) was considered as a potential method to synthesize perovskite-type oxides rapidly, cleanly and energy-efficiently. In this paper, La_0.7Sr_0.3MnO_3+λ, a kind of promising catalyst for automobile exhaust purification, was successfully prepared by MIP in not more than 5 min. The sol–gel method was also used for comparison. All the samples were evaluated by catalytic activity tests in the simulated exhaust and characterized by XRD, BET, TEM and XRF analyses. The results showed that the integrated perovskite-type phase and uniform particle size were obtained in the microwave-treated samples. And those ones exhibited a better oxidation activity under slightly oxygen-rich condition than that by sol–gel method, which may be related to more A-site cation vacancies and larger bulk oxygen content generated in MIP. Possible formation mechanism of perovskites in MIP was also discussed.     

沙河抽水蓄能电站机组运行缺陷浅析

沙河抽水蓄能电站两台50 MW可逆式机组自投运以来,总体情况良好,但是也出现了一些缺陷,如机组同期装置故障,机组冷却水流量或压力不足,静止变频器故障,励磁过电流故障等。对于出现的缺陷,电站进行了分析和处理,提高了机组的起动可靠度。